The first thing to consider is the territorial restriction, and the second is that property can only be purchased from government-approved developers and real estate agents. A residence visa is not mandatory.
The categories of real estate that are available for foreign investors to purchase are:
Freehold
Ownership with full rights, where the buyer has complete control and can do whatever they wish with the property, including selling, renting, gifting, or bequeathing it to heirs. There is also property that is a part of a larger freehold development, which means the owner owns both the building and the land it sits on.
In Dubai, freehold includes 47 zones, including popular areas such as Dubai Marina, Business Bay, Jumeirah Village Circle, Jumeirah Lake Towers, Mohammed Bin Rashid City, Umm Hurair, Al Barsha, Emirates Hills, Jebel Ali, Al Gouz, and Ras Al Khor.
Leasehold
This is purchasing property on a leasehold basis. In the UAE, the maximum lease term for a property is 99 years. Upon the completion of the lease term, the lessee does not have any rights to the property and it is returned to the owner. The ownership right can be transferred to relatives or extended for a similar period by renewing the lease agreement.
The list of fees may include utilities, elevator replacement or repair, building facade repair, and so on. Popular areas for leasehold include residential towers in Business Bay, Mohammed Bin Rashid City, 1/JBR, residential tower in Jumeirah Beach Residence, Madinat Jumeirah, City of Arabia, and residential communities in DubaiLand.
UAE citizens, citizens of GCC countries, and companies wholly owned by them can purchase property anywhere within Dubai. Individuals who are not citizens of the UAE or GCC countries can have unconditional ownership rights (freehold) or leasehold for up to 99 years only in certain areas of Dubai listed in Regulation 3/2006 or in the free zones of the UAE.